Ornamental plants: our future invaders?

Tomos next to his poster at the
2018 BSBI Exhibition Meeting
Image courtesy of T. Jones

Earlier this year, botanist Tomos Jones appeared on these pages and in BSBI News, reaching out to BSBI County Recorders on the subject of 'Garden plants: a threat to the environment due to climate change?'.

Tomos was at last month's BSBI Exhibition Meeting; he's now in the next phase of his research and wants to reach out to gardeners across Britain and Ireland. Over to Tomos to tell us more:

"It was great to meet many of you at the recent BSBI Exhibition Meeting, where I had a poster on my PhD research. I’m based at the University of Reading and my research aims to identify which ornamental (garden) plants have the potential to naturalise or become invasive in the future.

"Are you a gardener? If so, you can now help me identify problematic ornamental plants by completing this (very) short survey. See the September issue of BSBI News (p.51) on past research conducted by Katharina Dehnen-Schmutz and Judith Conroy. The plants resulting from the survey will be investigated further with a species distribution model. This can project probabilities of occurrence or identify climatic suitability for the future, allowing me to measure their naturalisation and/or invasive potential.

The beautiful Edge Hill campus: location
of the 2018 BSBI Exhibition Meeting
Image: T. Jones

"This research is a CASE PhD jointly supervised at the University of Reading and the Royal Horticultural Society under the NERC SCENARIO Doctoral Training Programme. It’s part of a broader interest that Reading and the RHS share on the potential impact of climate change on gardens and grew out of work done for the report ‘Gardening in a Changing Climate’ published in 2017.

"Earlier in the year, I had a survey for the County Recorders. Thanks to all of you who participated in this: some of the results were shown at the Exhibition Meeting. I’m now focusing on gardens, as a source of future invaders, because gardeners can be the first to observe plants showing ‘invasive characteristics’.

"The aim of this approach in combining citizen science with species distribution modelling, is to identify invasive potential early in the naturalisation-invasion process. This is widely regarded to be both ecologically and economically preferable to having to manage plants which have already become invasive in the wider environment.

"The survey is open to all gardeners in Britain and Ireland until the end of the year.

Twitter: @TomosJones92

Email: mk818656@reading.ac.uk"

Many thanks to Tomos for telling us more about his research - I hope that lots of you will take a few minutes to take part in Tomos' survey and help him identify any ornamental plants that may become problematic in the future.

New Year Plant Hunt 2019: invitation to take part

Three-cornered leek flowering in Ireland
New Year Plant Hunt 2018
Image: Paul Green 

For the eighth consecutive year, you are cordially invited to take part in BSBI's New Year Plant Hunt! 

We encourage plant lovers across Britain and Ireland to go out and record any wild flowers you can find in bloom over the New Year holiday.

Here's a reminder of how to take part using our online recording form:

1. Pick one day between Saturday 29th December 2018 and Tuesday 1st January 2019, when the weather is decent enough to record in.

2. Record wild and naturalised plants (but not planted or garden species) in flower. Please check plants are actually flowering – that catkins are open, that grasses have open florets, stigmas or anthers on show etc. 

Gorse blooming by the sea in Devon
New Year Plant Hunt 2018
Image: Sue Young

3. Record for up to 3 hours (you can “stop the clock” for tea-breaks, lunch and comfort stops!). You can contribute as many different lists as you like from different areas as long as you don’t exceed the 3 hour limit for each new list.

4. Send us details of what you saw, with photos if possible please: tell us which species you recorded (we can help with identification if you are stuck!), what your name is, and where and when you saw the plants in flower. 

You can either record while out in the field using your smartphone or wait until you get home and access the online recording form on your computer. 

Ivy-leaved toadflax blooming in Derbyshire
New Year Plant Hunt 2018
Image: Alan Roe

You'll be able to follow everyone's results in real time as they come in on our interactive map here, via daily reports on this News & Views blog and you can also follow the action on social media.

There's a team of people on hand to support you throughout and you can contact us at nyplanthunt@bsbi.org

Find out more - and see results from previous years - on the New Year Plant Hunt webpage here.

Happy hunting!

Aspen: in poetry, in folklore and in Byron's Gin

Aspen catkin
Image courtesy of John Crellin/ Floral Images
http://www.floralimages.co.uk/page.php?
taxon=populus_tremula,1

You might not immediately think of a tree whose timber is the number one choice for the manufacture of packing cases also being an ingredient in a rather exclusive artisan gin! But there's more to aspen (Populus tremula) than meets the eye - or the ear... 

Flora Celtica tells us that the timber has been used for making milk pails, herring barrels and all manner of furniture - and especially packing cases - and also that a yellow dye could be made from the leaves.

Less prosaically, the distinctive sight and sound of aspen leaves ruffled by the wind has inspired poets through the ages. William Faulkner's 'A Poplar' rather disturbingly likens the tree with its trembling leaves to a young girl "whose clothing has been forcibly taken away from her". But the most famous aspen poem is probably Gerard Manley Hopkins' 'Binsey Poplars', arguably one of the first poems with a modern nature conservation theme. The poet mourns the felling of his "aspens dear" and the "strokes of havoc" which caused the destruction of a "sweet especial rural scene". 

Aspen leaves
Image courtesy of John Crellin/ Floral Images
http://www.floralimages.co.uk/page.php?
taxon=populus_tremula,1

A more humorous, if less politically correct, association comes from the folklore of Roxburghshire, where Flora Celtica tells us that aspen was known as "old wives' tongues" because the leaves were constantly moving! 

Apparently the people of South Uist believed that the aspen was a cursed tree because Christ was crucified on a cross made from its wood, and that it trembled its leaves out of everlasting shame, although in other parts of Europe elder is believed to have played that role. Flora Celtica also notes that, for the same reason, an old aspen growing near the head of Loch Shiel "was visited every Good Friday for a thorough dressing down by the local people". It's hard not to feel sorry for that poor tree!

Aspen is reasonably easy to identify by its trembling leaves but the other poplars (Populus spp.) are much more difficult. There's a BSBI Handbook just for Willows and Poplars - wherever there's a BSBI Handbook for a group of plants, you know it's because they are tricky to ID! 

But there's no difficulty in identifying the delicious Melancholy Thistle expression of Byron's Gin: just look for a picture of the poet on the label. 

And don't forget, for every bottle of Byron's Gin sold, a donation will be made towards BSBI's Training 
programme so we can keep supporting the next generation of botanists. Slainte!  

QGIS and biological recorders

Jerry Clough talks about QGIS at the
BSBI Recorders' Conference 2018
Image: D. Alston

One of the most popular talks at the recent BSBI Recorders' Conference was Jerry Clough's talk 'Introducing QGIS for botanical recorders'. It was so popular that Jerry had to concede to requests for an impromptu and informal drop-in session straight afterwards. We managed to squeeze Jerry and several botanists in to the bar area as we already had workshops running in all the classrooms!

With so much interest in QGIS, it seemed very fortuitous when FSC's Rich Burkmar - Mr. QGIS himself! - contacted me to ask if BSBI botanists would like to collaborate with FSC in promoting a consultation they are running on the FSC Plugin for QGIS. I accepted on your behalf, so over to Rich to tell us more: 

"At the last NFBR conference at Preston Montford, Shropshire - a conference aimed squarely at biological recorders - I was surprised how many attendees, particularly those of younger generations, considered GIS to be central to their biological recording skillset. 

Jerry's QGIS workshop: participants included
(from left): Jon Shanklin (BSBI Field Meetings
Secretary), Dave Barlow (joint BSBI County
Recorder, NE Yorks.) & Chris Metherell
 (BSBI President)
Image: D. Alston 

"I'm really the last person that should be surprised by this - I can't imagine pursuing my own interest in biological recording without tools to spatially represent and analyse biological records - but many biological recorders of my generation pursue fulfilling interests in biological recording without going near GIS - that's something they leave for other people.

"This generational shift must be influenced by a number of things, for example it is likely that a higher proportion of younger biological recorders want to pursue related careers where GIS skills are highly sought-after. Another influence must be the increasing exposure of younger generations to all sorts of digital technology, including GIS, from an early age and the increasing accessibility of high-quality GIS tools. 

Screenshot of QGIS showing
the FSC plugin on the right

"Over recent years, QGIS has been a real game-changer in respect of making high-quality GIS more accessible. QGIS started life over 15 years ago and has since become the world's leading open-source desktop GIS. It started life as 'Quantum GIS' but the 'Quantum' part has officially been dropped in favour of a simple enigmatic 'Q'! Like scientific names of plants, it doesn't really matter how you pronounce QGIS, as long as you say it with confidence! (Personally I favour 'kew-jiss'.)

The FSC QGIS plugin

"Not only is QGIS freely available, but it supports a wide range of operating systems including Windows, Mac OS X, Linux and Unix. There is even an Android version under development. This means that choice of hardware and operating system is unlikely to restrict access to QGIS.  One of the best features of QGIS is its extensibility: it is possible for any programmer with the requisite skills to contribute a QGIS 'plugin' that extends the functionality of QGIS to carry out particular tasks more efficiently. That's exactly what we did when we created the 'FSC QGIS plugin' (also known as the 'TomBio plugin') for biological recorders as part of the FSC's Tomorrow's Biodiversity project.

The FSC team picking up the CIEEM
 'Best Practice Award for Knowledge Sharing'
in 2017 from Baroness Young

CIEEM Award

"The plugin plugs the gaps (pun intended) in QGIS when it comes to dealing with biological records - particularly those geocoded with Ordnance Survey grid references - as well as providing a number of other utilities for UK biological recorders, e.g. easy access to NBN Atlas data from within QGIS. The plugin has proved popular with over 31,000 downloads since its release in November 2014. The last release for version 2 of QGIS (version 2.8.0 of the plugin) has had over 5,800 downloads and our recent new release for version 3 of QGIS (version 3.0.0 of the plugin) has been downloaded over 1,600 times. The plugin was the winner of the 2017 CIEEM 'Best Practice Award for Knowledge Sharing'.

What other QGIS gaps could the FSC QGIS plugin fill?

"When the FSC Tomorrow's Biodiversity project came to an end, we were thrilled to be able to roll our support for the plugin forward into the new FSC BioLinks project. This means that FSC plans to support the maintenance and development of the plugin until, at least, the end of 2022. The release of version 3.0.0 of the plugin was an early result of its adoption by the FSC BioLinks project, requiring major reworking to accommodate the new architecture of QGIS 3. The FSC QGIS Plugin was amongst the first to be 'ported' to QGIS version 3. But support from BioLinks will mean much more than simple maintenance of the current toolset.

Jerry in full flow!
Image: O. Pescott

"We want to hear your ideas about what functionality you would like us to add to the plugin. For example one idea is to provide a direct link to MapMate so that records can be mapped directly from a local MapMate database without having to extract them first. Another is to be able to quickly generated distribution maps divided into date classes.  But what would you like to see? We're interested in hearing your ideas - however simple or outlandish! We've created a short online consultation where you can give us feedback on which of the current tools in the plugin you find most useful; what works and what doesn't and what new features, if any, you'd like to see.

"To have your say, please participate in the short online consultation here. The consultation will be open until we carry out our next round of development on the plugin (likely in second quarter 2019). The more responses we get, the more likely it is that the next phase of development of the plugin will meet the needs of our biological recording community, so please pass the link on to anyone that you believe might be interested in expressing their ideas and opinions. Here's to the next five years of the FSC QGIS plugin!"

Many thanks to Rich for sharing the above. Please use this link if you'd like to take part in the consultation. And do check out all the other great resources from FSC.

BSBI welcomes a new Welsh Officer!

BSBI is delighted to welcome our new Welsh Officer, Barbara Brown. You can find her contact details on the BSBI Wales page and we asked her to tell us a little bit about herself. Over to Barbara:

"I am stepping into the role of Welsh Officer for the BSBI though it is hard to follow the great work done by my predecessors Paul Green and Polly Spencer-Vellacott. I have lived in Wales, on and off, for over a decade now, having first been sent here as an Information Officer to RSPB South Stack in 1998. This was followed by a stint at RSPB Ynys hir and a role first as Tutor and then Senior Tutor for FSC Rhyd y creuau at Betws y Coed. I was pleased to have the chance to come back to Wales as OPAL Community Scientist for South Wales where I helped a wide range of audiences learn more about the natural environment and take part in citizen science surveys on everything from earthworms and lichens to tree diseases.

"Most recently I have been working for the Radnorshire Wildlife Trust at Gilfach Nature Reserve where I worked with and trained up volunteer plant surveyors, obtained NRW consent for the collection of Vicia orobus (Wood Bitter Vetch) and Trollius europeaus (Globeflower) seeds as well as developing a range of species distribution maps using a QGIS map of the reserve which I created. I also tried my hand at short film making, and may do so again if a field trip is both sunny and picturesque!

"In my spare time I have been taking part in Plantlife’s Cennad apprentice scheme which has helped me to learn a lot more about lichen and biological recording. As well as enjoying both planning and leading walks for various hillwalking groups across Wales’ great countryside, I usually spend holidays in the Pyrenees where observations of locally common species have helped me to recognise and record more unusual species in Wales. Living in Rhayader, I hope to be in relatively easy reach of most of the County Recorders and will be in touch with you shortly to listen to your plans for next year, talk about data flows and exchange ideas about identification courses".

I'm sure you'll all want to join me in extending a very warm welcome to Barbara, and if you're coming to the BSBI Annual Exhibition Meeting on Saturday, you will be able to meet her in person. 

Botanical anachronism #1

Last weekend Jonathan Shanklin, BSBI's Field Meetings Secretary and joint County Recorder for Cambridgeshire, was in Edinburgh for the Scottish Botanists' Conference. Relaxing in his hotel room afterwards, Jonathan decided to watch a little television and opted for ITV's Grantchester, set in 1950s Cambridgeshire. 

Jonathan was only eight minutes into the programme when he spotted a botanical anachronism - and again twelve minutes in - and again fifteen minutes in - and a minute before the end of the programme! Characters were shown by the River Cam at Grantchester and there in the river behind them were rafts of Floating Pennywort. 

BSBI distribution maps, which show where plants are recorded over time across Britain and Ireland, will explain why Jonathan immediately called this a botanical anachronism. The first map shows distribution of Floating Pennywort up to 1969 and the second shows the same plant's distribution now. That's right - there was no Floating Pennywort in the Cam in the 1950s! This invasive plant was not recorded in the county until 2003. Jonathan's photo (above right) was taken at almost the same place that the TV programme was filmed - click on it to enlarge and see those rafts of Floating Pennywort.

Have you spotted any botanical anachronisms on TV or in films? If so, please let us know. This could be the start of an occasional series of wildflower howlers!    

Biggest ever gathering of botanists in Scotland takes place this weekend

There has been such a huge demand for tickets to this weekend's Scottish Botanists' Conference at the Royal Botanic Gardens Edinburgh that organiser Jim McIntosh has had to close bookings.

The conference, previously known as the Scottish Annual Meeting, was rebranded this year to flag what it's all about more effectively - there are lots of talks, hence the 'conference' bit, and it's aimed at all botanists interested in the wild flowers of Scotland, whatever their skill level or affiliation.

Jim took to Twitter yesterday to share some impressive stats about the conference. Apparently it will boast:

• 175 delegates
• 35 exhibits or posters
• 9 speakers
• 7 mini-workshops

You can download the abstracts from the Scottish Botanists' Conference webpage, where you can also see the programme of speakers.

If you are not one of the 175 lucky delegates who managed to book a space, you will still be able to follow the action on Twitter by clicking on the #ScotBotanistsConf hashtag.

Jeff Waddell, BSBI's joint County Recorder for Roxburghshire and Selkirkshire, was on Twitter earlier this week to share the image on the left of the plant specimens he is taking to the conference. They are all recent new or second county records. 

We'll bring you more news as it comes in from Scotland's biggest ever gathering of botanists!